From Coordinative Converb to Coordinative Conjunction: The Multi-functional Morpheme &#x002a5;i in Qinghai Tongren Bonan

Yuanhao Bi

doi:10.65961/crcl-2026-0022

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Current Research in Chinese Linguistics ›› 2026, Vol. 105 ›› Issue (2) : 441-461. DOI: 10.65961/crcl-2026-0022

Special Topic: International Symposium on Silk Road Linguistics

From Coordinative Converb to Coordinative Conjunction: The Multi-functional Morpheme ʥi in Qinghai Tongren Bonan

Yuanhao Bi

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Abstract

The coordinative converb and the juxtaposed conjunction in Tongren Bonan language of Qinghai share the same form, ʥi, which can link VPs, NPs, clauses, and complex sentences. The coordinative converb -ʥi is a common form in Mongolic languages, but the juxtaposed conjunction ʥi did not arise through anti-grammaticalization of the converb. Rather, it developed through the deletion of ɡə from ɡəʥi, where ɡə is a verbalizer marker and ʥi a coordinative converb. ɡəʥi has long been used to construct juxtapositions of nominal derivative verbs, which, influenced by conjunction structures of local Amdo Tibetan, caused confusion over the nature of the juxtaposed constituents and the occurrence of reanalysis. The emergence of coordinate conjunctions has led to a transformation of the entire coordination type of Tongren Bonan, shifting it from a WITH-type language to an AND-type language.

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Bonan / conjunction / converb / coordination / historical change

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Yuanhao Bi. From Coordinative Converb to Coordinative Conjunction: The Multi-functional Morpheme ʥi in Qinghai Tongren Bonan[J]. Current Research in Chinese Linguistics. 2026, 105(2): 441-461 https://doi.org/10.65961/crcl-2026-0022

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