In the Xinbeng cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin, the archaic rushenɡ characters including a voiced obstruent are currently articulated as yɑnɡpinɡ, whereas the rushenɡ characters with a voiceless consonant or sonorant present diverse results. These encompass arbitrary amalgamation into either yinpinɡ or yɑnɡpinɡ, or even transition to qushenɡ, among other alternatives. This paper examines the contemporary tonal patterns of ancient rushenɡ in Zhongyuan Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin, spoken in Henan and Anhui provinces, focusing on the types, geographical distribution, and underlying causes of the merging of ancient tone rushenɡ with voiceless consonants and sonorants. The research contends that the Xinbeng cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin in Anhui was historically a component of the Hongchao cluster of Jianghuai Mandarin. Subsequent to the elimination of the glottal stop at the conclusion of rushenɡ syllables, the tone transitioned to a high-level tone (55), ultimately converging into a tonal pattern akin to either yɑnɡpinɡ or qushenɡ, both of which exhibit comparable pitch contours.
Key words
Xinbeng cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin /
Jianghuai Mandarin /
the evolution of rushenɡ tone /
dialect contact
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