早期吳方言文獻中“的”類複合標記“個哉”具有時體功能。相較於“哉”,“個哉”無法在強現場性語境中報道新情況。在敘述語篇中,“VP 個哉”和“VP 哉”呈現出不同的語篇功能：“VP 個哉”在敘述語篇中只能位於非事件主線,無法推進事件鏈條的進展;“VP 哉”則無此限制。這體現了“個哉”和“哉”所編碼時體義的不同：“個哉”編碼了相對過去時,並表示事件先於參照時間的已然完成;“哉”則編碼了相對過去時和事件變化義。
Abstract
The de-type compound marker gezai in early Wu dialect literature has tense-aspect functions. Compared to zai, gezai cannot report hot news in on-site context. In narrative discourse, VP+gezai can only show non-main event line and cannot advance the event chain forward, whereas VP+zai has no such restriction. This distinction indicates different tense-aspect meanings encoded by gezai and zai. Gezai denotes the relative-past tense and expresses the completion of an event before the reference time, while zai denotes the meaning of “change of event” besides relative-past tense.
关键词
個哉 /
的 /
時體 /
早期文獻 /
吳方言
Key words
gezai /
de /
tense-aspect /
early literature /
Wu dialect
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