普通話“的2、的3”的功能,在永春方言裡大致可對應“爾、其”兩個成分。“爾”和“其”都是多功能詞,具有結構助詞、語氣助詞、後綴等用法。在對二者功能進行詳細描寫與比較的基礎上,重構其語法化路徑,可籍此觀察到兩類判斷句式的演變過程,並為基於共時語料推溯歷時演變的研究提供借鑒與參考。
Abstract
The functions of de2 and de3 in Mandarin roughly correspond to the two elements [ɡe] and [nĩ] in the Yongchun dialect. Both [ɡe] and [nĩ] are multifunctional words that can act as structural particles, sentence final particles, suffixes, etc. Based on a detailed description and comparison of their functions, we reconstruct their grammaticalization paths to observe the evolutionary process of two types of judgment sentence patterns. The findings can provide valuable reference for studies that infer diachronic changes from synchronic corpus materials.
关键词
的 /
其 /
爾 /
判斷句 /
閩方言
Key words
de /
[ɡe] /
[nĩ] /
judgment sentence /
Min dialects
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
曹廣順. 1995.近代漢語助詞.北京:語文出版社.Guangshun Cao. 1995. Jindai Hanyu Zhuci. Beijing: Yuwen Chubanshe.
陳光、龍國富、李文琦. 2023.試論構式化視域下漢語“是……的”分裂句的形成.語言科學 4. 400-409.Guang Chen, Guofu Long & Wenqi Li. 2023. Shilun goushihua shiyu xia Hanyu “shi… de” fenlieju de xingcheng.Yuyan Kexue 4. 400-409.
鄧思穎. 2006.漢語方言受事話題句類型的參數分析.語言科學 6.3-11.Sze-Wing Tang. 2006. Hanyu fangyan shoushi huatiju leixing de canshu fenxi.Yuyan Kexue 6. 3-11.
范曉蕾. 2024.句末助詞“的”的功能分類及語義演變.漢語學報 2.2-14.Xiaolei Fan. 2024. Jumo zhuci “de” de gongneng fenlei ji yuyi yanbian.Hanyu Xuebao 2. 2-14.
郭維茹. 2021.臺灣閩南話語氣助詞“呢”的來源和演變.臺灣語文研究 2.169-214.Wei- Ju Kuo. 2021. Taiwan Minnanhua yuqizhuci “ni” de laiyuan he yanbian.Taiwan Yuwen Yanjiu 2. 169-214.
洪妍. 2022.潮州方言語音與語法的互動關係研究.廣州:中山大學博士學位論文.Yan Hong. 2022. Chaozhou fangyan yuyin yu yufa de hudong guanxi yanjiu. Guangzhou: Zhongshan Daxue boshi xuewei lunwen.
黎路遐. 2021. 上古漢語指示代詞演變研究.北京:商務印書館.Luxia Li. 2021. Shanggu Hanyu Zhishi Daici Yanbian Yanjiu. Beijing: Shangwu Yinshuguan.
李如龍. 1962.廈門話的變調和輕聲.廈門大學學報 3.78-114.Rulong Li. 1962. Xiamenhua de biandiao he qingsheng.Xiamen Daxue xuebao 3. 78-114.
李如龍. 2001.閩南方言的結構助詞.語言研究 2.48-56.Rulong Li. 2001. Minnan fangyan de jiegou zhuci.Yuyan Yanjiu 2. 48-56.
李小軍. 2013.先秦至唐五代語氣詞的衍生與演變.北京:北京師範大學出版社.Xiaojun Li. 2013. Xianqin zhi Tangwudai Yuqici de Yansheng yu Yanbian. Beijing: Beijing Shifan Daxue Chubanshe.
李小軍. 2016.漢語量詞“個”的語義演化模式.語言科學 2.150-164.Xiaojun Li. 2016. Hanyu liangci “ge” de yuyi yanhua moshi.Yuyan Kexue 2. 150-164.
梁銀峰. 2022.重論上古漢語語氣詞“者”的語法功能及其來源.見華學誠(主編),文獻語言學(第十四輯),17-34, 233.北京:中華書局.Yinfeng Liang. 2022. Chonglun Shanggu Hanyu yuqici “zhe” de yufa gongneng ji qi laiyuan. In Xuecheng Hua et al.(eds.), Wenxian Yuyanxue, dishisi ji, 17-34, 233. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
林華勇. 2011.廉江粵語的兩種短語重疊式.中國語文 4.364-371, 384.Huayong Lin. 2011. Lianjiang Yueyu de liangzhong duanyu chongdieshi.Zhongguo Yuwen 4. 364-371, 384.
劉丹青. 2001.漢語方言的語序類型比較.見史有為(編),從語義信息到類型比較,222-244.北京:北京語言文化大學出版社.Danqing Liu. 2001. Hanyu fangyan de yuxu leixing bijiao. In Youwei Shi (ed), Cong Yuyi Xinxi dao Leixing Bijiao, 222-244. Beijing: Beijing Yuyan Wenhua Daxue Chubanshe.
呂叔湘. 1979.漢語語法分析問題.北京:商務印書館.Shuxiang Lü. 1979. Hanyu Yufa Fenxi Wenti. Beijing: Shangwu Yinshuguan.
呂叔湘. 2017 [1982/1944].中國文法要略.北京:商務印書館.Shuxiang Lü. 2017 [1982/1944]. Zhongguo Wenfa Yaolüe. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
呂曉玲. 2006.閩南南安方言結構助詞研究.福州:福建師範大學碩士學位論文.Xiaoling Lü. 2006. Minnan Nan’an fangyan jiegou zhuci yanjiu. Fuzhou: Fujian Shifan Daxue shuoshi xuewei lunwen.
泉州地方戲曲研究社、泉州市文化局(編).2010.荔鏡記荔枝記四種.北京:中國戲劇出版社.Quanzhou Difang Xiqu Yanjiushe & Quanzhou Shi Wenhuaju (eds). 2010. Lijingji Lizhiji Sizhong. Beijing: Zhongguo Xiqu Chubanshe.
施其生. 1988.汕頭方言動詞短語重疊式.方言 2.149-151.Qisheng Shi. 1988. Shantou fangyan dongci duanyu chongdieshi.Fangyan 2. 149-151.
石毓智. 2002.量詞、指示代詞和結構助詞的關係.方言 2.117-126.Yuzhi Shi. 2002. Liangci, zhishi daici he jiegou zhuci de guanxi.Fangyan 2. 117-126.
石毓智、李訥. 1998.漢語發展史上結構助詞的興替——論“的”的語法化歷程.中國社會科學 6.165-179.Yuzhi Shi & Charles N. Li. 1998. Hanyu fazhanshi shang jiegou zhuci de xingti: Lun “de” de yufahua licheng.Zhongguo Shehui Kexue 6. 165-179.
孫錫信. 1999.近代漢語語氣詞.北京:語文出版社.Xixin Sun. 1999. Jindai Hanyu Yuqici. Beijing: Yuwen Chubanshe.
湯暢. 2021.汕頭方言事態助詞研究.廣州:中山大學碩士學位論文.Chang Tang. 2021. Shantou fangyan shitai zhuci yanjiu. Guangzhou: Zhongshan Daxue shuoshi xuewei lunwen.
唐正大. 2008.了然於心 · 預料之中 · 出乎預料——句末“的”的語氣詞功能及其與“呢”之比較.東方語言學 2.18-36.Zhengda Tang. 2008. Liaoranyuxin, yuliaozhizhong, chuhuyuliao: Jumo “de” de yuqici gongneng ji qi yu “ne” zhi bijiao.Dongfang Yuyanxue 2. 18-36.
楊越、王貴忱、岑桑、顧錫麟、劉焜煬(編).1985.明本潮州戲文五種.廣州:廣東人民出版社.Yue Yang, Guichen Wang, Sang Cen, Xilin Gu & Kunyang Liu (eds.). 1985. Mingben Chaozhou Xiwen Wuzhong. Guangzhou: Guangdong Renmin Chubanshe.
袁毓林. 1997.“者”的語法功能及其歷史演變.中國社會科學 3.160-174.Yulin Yuan. 1997. “Zhe” de yufa gongneng ji qi lishi yanbian.Zhongguo Shehui Kexue 3. 160-174.
袁毓林. 2003.從焦點理論看句尾“的”的句法語義功能.中國語文 1.3-16, 95.Yulin Yuan. 2003. Cong jiaodian lilun kan juwei “de” de jufa yuyi gongneng.Zhongguo Yuwen 1. 3-16, 95.
中國社會科學院語言研究所、中國社會科學院民族學與人類學研究所、香港城市大學語言資訊科學研究中心(編).2012.中國語言地圖集 · 漢語方言卷.北京:商務印書館. Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Yuyan Yanjiusuo, Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Minzuxue yu Renleixue Yanjiusuo & Xianggang Chengshi Daxue Yuyan Zixun Kexue Yanjiu Zhongxin (eds). 2012. Zhongguo Yuyan Dituji: Hanyu Fangyanjuan. Beijing: Shangwu Yinshuguan.
朱德熙. 1980.北京話、廣州話、文水話和福州話裡的“的”字.方言 3.161-165.Dexi Zhu. 1980. Beijinghua, Guangzhouhua, Wenshuihua he Fuzhouhua li de “de” zi.Fangyan 3. 161-165.
朱德熙. 1983.自指和轉指——漢語名詞化標記“的、者、所、之”的語法功能和語義功能.方言 1.16-31.Dexi Zhu. 1983. Zizhi he zhuanzhi: Hanyu mingcihua biaoji “de, zhe, suo, zhi” de yufa gongneng he yuyi gongneng.Fangyan 1. 16-31.
PDF(1025 KB)
