本文的考察對象為馬來西亞檳城閩南語“的”的對應成分：“個[e13]”。我們首先區分馬來西亞檳城閩南語“個”作定語標記、用於焦點結構、以及出現在句末三種用法,接著通過製圖理論的方法對檳城閩南語句末“個”的句法層次進行考察,並兼論普通話的句末成分系統。我們發現該句末“個”屬於小句層次,屬於AssertionP。此投射高於焦點投射,低於語氣類助詞,包括焦點類助詞。雖屬相同投射,普通話“的確認”與檳城閩南語句末“個”無論在語法搭配還是語義功能上都有差異。本文也透過句末助詞的排列和共現展示了檳城閩南語的邊緣結構。
Abstract
The article examines the corresponding particle of de in Penang Hokkien, a Southern Min variety used in Malaysia, which is [e13]. We first distinguish three usages of the sentence-final particle [e13] in Penang Hokkien: as a modifier marker, used in clefts, and in sentence-final position. We then examine the syntactic level of the sentence-final [e13] in Penang Hokkien while also discussing the system of sentence-final particles in Mandarin. We find that the sentence-final [e13] is within the CP layer, specifically in AssertionP. This projection is higher than OnlyP, but lower than Degree SFPs, including focus particles. Despite being in the same projection, Mandarin’s sentence-final de and Penang Hokkien’s sentence-final [e13] differ both grammatically and semantically. The article also demonstrates the periphery structure of Penang Hokkien through the order and co- occurrence of sentence-final particles.
关键词
檳城閩南語 /
句末“個” /
製圖理論 /
句末助詞系統 /
邊緣結構
Key words
Penang Hokkien /
sentence-final [e13] /
cartography /
SFP system /
periphery structure
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