漢語量詞“間”在澳門及香港地區具有更強的搭配能力和更廣的適用範圍,不僅可以計量單間建築物,還可以指稱整體性的建築體或抽象的機構組織,與現代通用中文差異較大。文章採用語料庫數據驅動的方法,對“間”量詞用法的產生及其演化的路徑進行了分析。結果發現,“間”的量詞用法約在魏晉時期出現,於早期現代漢語時期發生了語義泛化,港澳地區的“間”在泛化後趨於穩定,而內地通用中文的“間”則在泛化後又窄化,搭配力縮減。
Abstract
The Chinese measure word jiān demonstrates exceptional collocational ability in the regions of Hong Kong and Macao, where it can be used not only to measure individual rooms like “classrooms”, but also to quantify nouns with holistic architectural entities or institutional organizations such as “companies”, “schools”, “factories”, and “centres”. This usage differs significantly from the word’s usage in modern standard Chinese. Therefore, this research adopts a corpus-based, data-driven approach to analyze the emergence and evolutionary path of jiān across time and regions. The findings show that, as language continuously evolves, jiān has undergone semantic generalization. In Hong Kong and Macao, the broadened usage has stabilized and persisted, whereas it later experienced semantic narrowing in mainland China, resulting in a reduced collocational capacity.
关键词
漢語量詞 /
“間” /
語義演變 /
語義泛化 /
語料庫研究
Key words
Chinese quantifier /
Jiān /
semantic change /
semantic generalization /
corpus study
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