摘要
名詞能作主賓語和定語,有時也能作謂語,一般不能作狀語。但“名+動烹飪”結構的名詞可以作狀語,也可以作定語。狀中結構和定中結構中的名詞語義有別,作狀語時,名詞主要表方式,作定語時,名詞的語義多為受事。“名+動烹飪”結構音節組配也很有特點,狀中式以2+1、1+1式為主,定中式以2+1、4+1式常見,這有別於一般的“名+動”式狀中、定中結構的音節組配模式。這種特殊音節組配模式是語用制約韻律的結果,多出現於菜肴烹飪等操作語體中。
Abstract
While nouns typically function as subjects, objects, or modifiers in Chinese and rarely as adverbials, the “noun + cooking verb” structure allows nouns to serve both as adverbials and attributives. Notably, the semantic roles of nouns differ between these two syntactic positions: nouns primarily express manner when used as adverbials, whereas they often indicate patients (affected entities) when functioning as attributives. This structure also exhibits distinctive syllabic configurations. The adverbial-head construction predominantly adopts 2+1 or 1+1 syllable patterns, while the attributive-head construction frequently employs 2+1 or 4+1 syllable patterns that differ significantly from general “noun + verb” syntactic structures. These unique syllable patterns result from pragmatic constraints and frequently appear in recipes.
关键词
“名+動”結構 /
狀中結構 /
定中結構 /
語義 /
韻律
Key words
noun-verb construction /
adverbial-head structure /
attributive-head structure /
semantics /
prosody
應學鳳, 張麗萍.
“名+動烹飪”結構的語義與韻律[J]. 中国语文通讯. 2025, 104(2): 635-652 https://doi.org/10.29499/CrCL.202507_104(2).0021
Xuefeng Ying, Liping Zhang.
Semantics and Prosody of the “Noun + Cooking Verb” Structure[J]. Current Research in Chinese Linguistics. 2025, 104(2): 635-652 https://doi.org/10.29499/CrCL.202507_104(2).0021
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
陳玉潔. 2006.聯繫項居中原則與 N1VN2(NP) 結構.世界漢語教學 2.51-62.Yujie Chen. 2006. Lianxixiang juzhong yuanze yu N1VN2(NP) jiegou.Shijie Hanyu Jiaoxue 2. 51-62.
崔四行. 2009.三音節結構中副詞、形容詞、名詞作狀語研究.北京語言大學博士學位論文.Sixing Cui. 2009. San yinjie jiegou zhong fuci, xingrongci, mingci zuo zhuangyu yanjiu. Beijing Yuyan Daxue boshi xuewei lunwen.
董大年(編).2007.現代漢語分類大詞典.上海:上海辭書出版社.Danian Dong (ed.). 2007. Xiandai Hanyu Fenlei Da Cidian. Shanghai: Shanghai Cishu Chubanshe.
端木三. 2007.重音、信息和語言的分類.語言科學 5.3-16.San Duanmu. 2007. Zhongyin, xinxi he yuyan de fenlei.Yuyan Kexue 5. 3-16.
何婷婷. 2006.現代漢語中的“N 狀 +V”式研究.安徽師範大學碩士學位論文.Tingting He. 2006. Xiandai Hanyu zhong de “N zhuang + V” shi yanjiu. Anhui Shifan Daxue shuoshi xuewei lunwen.
柯航. 2007.現代漢語單雙音節搭配研究.中國社會科學院研究生院博士學位論文.Hang Ke. 2007. Xiandai Hanyu dan shuang yinjie dapei yanjiu. Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Yanjiushengyuan boshi xuewei lunwen.
李晉荃. 1983.試談非時地名詞充當狀語.蘇州大學學報(哲學社會科學版)4.69-73.Jinquan Li. 1983. Shitan feishi dimingci chongdang zhuangyu. Suzhou Daxue Xuebao, zhexue shehui kexue ban 4. 69-73.
劉慧清. 2005.名詞作狀語及其相關特徵分析.語言教學與研究 5.28-34.Huiqing Liu. 2005. Mingci zuo zhuangyu ji qi xiangguan tezheng fenxi.Yuyan Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu 5. 28-34.
呂叔湘(主編).1999.現代漢語八百詞(增訂本).北京:商務印書館.Shuxiang Lü et al.(eds.). 1999. Xiandai Hanyu Babai Ci, zengding ben. Beijing: Shangwu Yinshuguan.
馬真. 1988.簡明實用漢語語法(修訂本).北京:北京大學出版社.Zhen Ma. 1988. Jianming Shiyong Hanyu Yufa, xiuding ben. Beijing: Beijing Daxue Chubanshe.
齊滬揚等. 2004.與名詞動詞相關的短語研究.北京:北京語言大學出版社.Huyang Qi et al. 2004. Yu Mingci Dongci Xiangguan de Duanyu Yanjiu. Beijing: Beijing Yuyan Daxue Chubanshe.
沈家煊. 1999.不對稱和標記論.南昌:江西教育出版社.Jiaxuan Shen. 1999. Buduichen he Biaojilun. Nanchang: Jiangxi Jiaoyu Chubanshe.
沈家煊. 2017.漢語“大語法”包含韻律.世界漢語教學 1.3-19.Jiaxuan Shen. 2017. Hanyu “da yufa” baohan yunlü.Shijie Hanyu Jiaoxue 1. 3-19.
沈家煊. 2020.漢語大語法五論.上海:學林出版社.Jiaxuan Shen. 2020. Hanyu Da Yufa Wu Lun. Shanghai: Xuelin Chubanshe.
沈家煊、柯航. 2014.漢語的節奏是鬆緊控制輕重.語言學論叢(第五十輯).47-72.Jiaxuan Shen & Hang Ke. 2014. Hanyu de jiezou shi songjin kongzhi qingzhong. Yuyanxue Luncong, diwushi ji. 47-72.
孫德金. 1995.現代漢語名詞做狀語的考察.語言教學與研究 4.88-98.Dejin Sun. 1995. Xiandai Hanyu mingci zuo zhuangyu de kaocha.Yuyan Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu 4. 88-98.
文煉. 1994.論名詞修飾動詞.上海師範大學學報 3.96-99.Lian Wen. 1994. Lun mingci xiushi dongci.Shanghai Shifan Daxue Xuebao 3. 96-99.
邢福義. 1988.“NN 地 V”結構.語法研究和探索 4.141-150.Fuyi Xing. 1988. “NN de V” jiegou.Yufa Yanjiu he Tansuo 4. 141-150.
應學鳳. 2020.現代漢語黏合結構研究.北京:中國社會科學出版社.Xuefeng Ying. 2020. Xiandai Hanyu Nianhe Jiegou Yanjiu. Beijing: Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe.
應學鳳. 2021.鬆緊象似原則與動賓飾名複合詞.世界漢語教學 1.28-42.Xuefeng Ying. 2021. Songjin xiangsi yuanze yu dongbin shiming fuheci.Shijie Hanyu Jiaoxue 1. 28-42.
應學鳳. 2022.從語音象似到韻律象似.北京:社會科學文獻出版社.Xuefeng Ying. 2022. Cong Yuyin Xiangsi Dao Yunlü Xiangsi. Beijing: Shehui Kexue Wenxian Chubanshe.
應學鳳、陸丙甫. 2025.鬆緊象似原則與街道專名和方位名的語序.中國語文 3.268-280. Xuefeng Ying & Bingfu Lu. 2025. Songjin xiangsi yuanze yu jiedao zhuanming he fangweiming de yuxu.Zhongguo Yuwen 3. 268-280.
周韌. 2012.漢語狀中結構的韻律模式考察.語言教學與研究 5.55-62.Ren Zhou. 2012. Hanyu zhuangzhong jiegou de yunlü moshi kaocha.Yuyan Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu 5. 55-62.
周韌. 2017.漢語韻律語法研究中的輕重象似、鬆緊象似和多少象似.中國語文 5.536-552. Ren Zhou. 2017. Hanyu yunlü yufa yanjiu zhong de qingzhong xiangsi, songjin xiangsi he duoshao xiangsi.Zhongguo Yuwen 5. 536-552.
朱德熙. 1982.語法講義.北京:商務印書館.Dexi Zhu. 1982. Yufa Jiangyi. Beijing: Shangwu Yinshuguan.
朱德熙. 1985a.語法答問.北京:商務印書館.Dexi Zhu. 1985a. Yufa Dawen. Beijing: Shangwu Yinshuguan.
朱德熙. 1985b.現代書面漢語裏的虛化動詞和名動詞——為第一屆國際漢語教學討論會而作.北京大學學報(哲學社會科學版)5.10-15.Dexi Zhu. 1985b. Xiandai shumian Hanyu li de xuhua dongci he mingdongci: Wei Diyi Jie Guoji Hanyu Jiaoxue Taolunhui er zuo. Beijing Daxue Xuebao, zhexue shehui kexue ban 5. 10-15.
Lu, Bingfu & San Duanmu.1991. A case study of the relation between rhythm and syntax in Chinese. Paper presented at the Third North America Conference on Chinese Linguistics, Cornell University, 3-5 May.
Lu, Bingfu & San Duanmu.2002. Rhythm and syntax in Chinese: A case study.Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association 37(2).123-136.
PDF(841 KB)
