在廣泛調查廣州方言歷史文獻的基礎上,文章提出,自清初以來廣州方言“才”義副詞經歷了兩次主導詞替換。最初,“正”是主要表達形式,至遲在 19 世紀初“至”取代了“正”,到 20 世紀中期“先”又取代了“至”。復音詞“先至”自產生以來使用頻率有所提升,但始終處於次要地位。作為強勢方言的廣州方言中“才”義副詞的歷時替換與輻射擴散,塑造了現代粵語區該類副詞的共時分佈格局。本研究對考察漢語方言的親緣關係、演變速度、演變機制、文獻性質等方面有啟示意義。
Abstract
On the basis of an extensive investigation of historical literature in Cantonese, it is proposed that the adverbs referring to cai in the Guangzhou dialect has undergone two diachronic substitutions of the dominant word since the early Qing dynasty. Zheng was the primary expression form, which was replaced by zhi by the early 19th century, and then by xian in the mid-20th century. The disyllabic word xianzhi has seen an increase in usage frequency since its emergence, but it has always been in a secondary position. The replacement and diffusion of the adverbs like cai in Cantonese have created a geographical distribution pattern of such adverbs in modern Yue dialects. This study has enlightening significance in examining the kinship, evolution speed, evolution mechanism, and literature nature of Chinese dialects.
关键词
廣州方言 /
粵語 /
“才”義副詞 /
歷時替換 /
共時分佈
Key words
Cantonese /
Yue dialect /
adverbs referring to cai /
diachronic substitution /
synchronic distribution
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