陽江粵語揣測義語氣詞&#x0201c;乜子[m&#x00250;t55 tsei21]&#x0201d;及其語用功能

戴瑜殷; 徐宇航

doi:10.29499/CrCL.202507_104(2).0024

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中國語文通訊 ›› 2025, Vol. 104 ›› Issue (2) : 703-726. DOI: 10.29499/CrCL.202507_104(2).0024

語文研究

陽江粵語揣測義語氣詞“乜子[mɐt⁵⁵ tsei²¹]”及其語用功能

戴瑜殷ⁱ, 徐宇航ⁱⁱ

作者信息 +

The Conjectural Particle [mɐt⁵⁵ tsei²¹] in the Yangjiang Yue Dialect and Its Pragmatic Functions

Yuyin Daiⁱ, Yuhang Xuⁱⁱ

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文章历史 +

摘要

本文全面描寫陽江粵語揣測義語氣詞“乜子[mɐt⁵⁵ tsei²¹]”及其語用功能,並對比“乜子”與廣府粵語“啩”、普通話“吧”的異同。在共時描寫的基礎上,本文構擬“乜子”的語法化路徑和語用擴展路徑,並試探討“乜子”核心語義揣測義的來源。經論證,“乜子”經歷了“揣測副詞 > 揣測語氣詞”的語法化演變,其表委婉緩和與意外驚異的語用功能均直接源自其核心語義揣測義的語用擴展,其揣測語氣義或可溯源至早期程度副詞用法。“乜子”的演變路徑既是粵語“副詞 > 語氣詞”語法化路徑的新案例,亦印證漢語乃至世界語言“量 > 認識情態 > 語用功能”的共性擴展模式。

Abstract

This paper comprehensively describes the functions of the conjectural particle [mɐt⁵⁵ tsei²¹] in the Yangjiang Yue dialect, along with its pragmatic functions. It contrasts [mɐt⁵⁵ tsei²¹] with [kwa³³] in the Guangfu Yue dialect and [pa⁰] in Mandarin. Based on a synchronic analysis, the study reconstructs the grammaticalization pathway and pragmatic extension trajectory of [mɐt⁵⁵ tsei²¹], while exploring the origin of its conjectural meaning. The findings demonstrate that [mɐt⁵⁵ tsei²¹] has undergone a grammaticalization process from conjectural adverb to conjectural particle. Both of its pragmatic functions emerging in discourse derive directly from the pragmatic extensions of its core conjectural semantics. Furthermore, the conjectural semantics likely originate from the earlier function of [mɐt⁵⁵ tsei²¹] as a degree adverb. This functional expansion not only represents a new case of the adverb > modal particle grammaticalization pattern in the Yue dialect but also corroborates the cross-linguistically attested extension model: quantity > epistemic modality > pragmatic function, which is observed in Chinese and even the world languages.

导出引用

戴瑜殷, 徐宇航. 陽江粵語揣測義語氣詞“乜子[mɐt⁵⁵ tsei²¹]”及其語用功能[J]. 中国语文通讯. 2025, 104(2): 703-726 https://doi.org/10.29499/CrCL.202507_104(2).0024

Yuyin Dai, Yuhang Xu. The Conjectural Particle [mɐt⁵⁵ tsei²¹] in the Yangjiang Yue Dialect and Its Pragmatic Functions[J]. Current Research in Chinese Linguistics. 2025, 104(2): 703-726 https://doi.org/10.29499/CrCL.202507_104(2).0024

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