摘要
本文運用社會語言學的方法考察 205 位北京人口語中兒化詞的使用情況,發現兒化詞仍活躍在當代北京人的日常談話中,但個體差異明顯。年齡、文化程度等是影響兒化詞使用的重要社會因素,女性、青少年、學生等兒化詞使用數量較少,語言表達相對規範。與 20世紀 80 年代相比,40 年來兒化詞的衰減趨勢明顯,一些土俗兒化詞近乎消失,人際差異也顯著減小。不過語言使用規範化的要求以及北京人對兒化音的積極態度又使得兒化詞仍有一定的生存空間。
Abstract
This study employs sociolinguistic methods to examine the use of erhua words in the spoken language of 205 Beijing residents. It is found that erhua words are still active in the daily conversations of contemporary Beijing residents, although with significant individual differences in usage. Age and education are important social factors influencing the use of erhua words. Females, teenagers, and students use fewer erhua words, and their expressions are relatively standardized. Over the past 40 years, the use of erhua words has experience a noticible decline, with some vulgar erhua words nearly disappearing. Additionally, interpersonal differences in usage have also significantly decreased. However, the standardization of language use and the positive attitude of Beijing residents towards erhua words still ensure its continued use.
关键词
北京話 /
兒化詞 /
社會變異 /
歷時比較 /
語言態度
Key words
Beijing dialect /
erhua words /
social variation /
diachronic comparison /
language attitude
張雯雯, 黃曉東.
當代北京話口語兒化詞的共時變異及歷時演變[J]. 中国语文通讯. 2025, 104(2): 803-822 https://doi.org/10.29499/CrCL.202507_104(2).0029
Wenwen Zhang, Xiaodong Huang.
Synchronic Variation and Diachronic Evolution of Erhua Words in Contemporary Beijing Dialect[J]. Current Research in Chinese Linguistics. 2025, 104(2): 803-822 https://doi.org/10.29499/CrCL.202507_104(2).0029
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