本文以語義語法為理論指導，立足語料和邏輯，將介詞“論”的句法環境描寫為“二階對比”的反預期話語關聯，語法意義提取為“定序生期”，“論”字句的結構特點概括為問答互動、並置生成。首先，回顧前人研究，指出“論”的介詞用法亟需精細描寫;其次，在話語關聯層面構擬“論”字句的“二階對比”句法—語義建構過程，指出無論是典型的轉折性話語關聯還是非典型的外折內因性話語關聯，“論”字句都必有反預期語境;第三，在單句層面描寫和驗證“論”的句法組配和語義選擇，指出“論”字句對反預期語境的要求來自其“片面性”，體現為句內事實句的“有序性”和觀點句的“偏向性”;第四，提取介詞“論”的語法意義為“定序生期”：通過将事物置於某一參照系中排序定位而產生相應的偏向性預期，從而產生在交際互動中二階對比的需要，因此“論”字句都來源於聽說雙方的問答互動。最後，從動介分類和語義提取兩個角度對介詞的語義語法研究提出了建議。
Abstract
Guided by Semantics Grammar and based on corpus and logic, this study limits the syntactic environment of the preposition lun to the anti-expectation discourse of “quadratic contrast”, extracts its grammatical meaning as “expectation based on order”, and summarizes its construction feature as “interaction and juxtapositon”. Firstly, reviewing previous research, it is proposed that the preposition usage of lun needs to be described more delicately. Secondly, the syntactic-semantic structuring of lun is reconstructed at the level of discourse and it is pointed out that the lun construction must be placed in an anti-expectation discourse to become an utterance, be it in a typical turning discourse or an atypical out-turning-and-in-causal discourse. Thirdly, the syntactic collocation and semantic selection of lun are described and verified from the level of sentence, where it is pointed out that the requirement of anti-expectation discourse could be attributed to the construction’s one-sidedness, which is reflected in the “orderliness” of the fact-clause and the “preference” of the opinion-clause. Fourthly, the grammatical meaning of lun is generalized as “expectation based on order”, i.e. by positioning things within a certain frame of reference, a preferred expectation is generated, which in turn creates the need for quadratic contrast in communication. Therefore, all lun constructions arise from the question-answer interaction. Finally, this study reflects on the semantics research of prepositions.
关键词
二階對比 /
介詞“論” /
語義建構 /
反預期 /
並置性
Key words
quadratic-constrast /
the preposition lun /
semantic structuring /
anti-expectation /
juxtaposition
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