摘要
“叫莫”類動詞、副詞、連詞有多種詞形。“聽任”義動詞“叫（pro）莫”多見，為勸阻句“叫pro莫VP”的反問形式詞彙化而來，由江西填湖廣的移民帶到了中部地區，或經由讓轉的語法槽虛化為“儘管”義連詞。這類移民的數量在黃州、德安兩府超過土著，導致該類詞在鄂東北連片分佈，其他地區多為點狀分佈。在湘語長益片，“叫莫”類動詞經由推論的語法槽虛化為“何不”義副詞。“叫莫”類詞普遍分佈在黃孝方言，可以視為其方言特徵詞。
Abstract
The jiaomo-type words, functioning as verbs, adverbs, and conjunctions, occur in various forms. The most common form is the verb “jiao (pro) mo”, which derives from dissuasive-interrogative constructions of the pattern “jiao pro mo VP”, originally meaning “to allow to proceed unhindered”. Historically, these forms were carried into central regions by migrants from Jiangxi who settled in present-day Hunan and Hubei. Through grammaticalization, the verbal construction underwent syntactic reanalysis in certain contexts, evolving into a concessive conjunction equivalent to jinguan ‘despite’. These migrants outnumbered the local population in areas such as Huangzhou and De’an, leading to a contiguous distribution of jiaomo-type words in northeastern Hubei, while other regions exhibit a more scattered distribution. With further grammatical development in the Changyi dialect of Xiang, jiaomo-type verbs have been reanalyzed via inferential contexts into adverbs meaning “why not”. Geographically, jiaomo-type words are primarily distributed in the Huangxiao dialect and can be regarded as its dialect characteristic words.
关键词
“叫莫”類詞 /
分佈 /
詞彙化 /
語法化 /
特徵詞
Key words
jiaomo-type words /
distribution /
lexicalization /
grammaticalization /
characteristic words
汪化雲, 彭薇.
中部漢語方言中“叫莫”類詞的再研究[J]. 中国语文通讯. 2026, 105(1): 105-119 https://doi.org/10.65961/crcl-2026-0006
Huayun Wang, Wei Peng.
A Study of the Jiaomo-type Words in the Chinese Dialects of Central Region[J]. Current Research in Chinese Linguistics. 2026, 105(1): 105-119 https://doi.org/10.65961/crcl-2026-0006
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