摘要
本文以方言文獻中所記錄的東南亞地區泰國、越南、馬來西亞三地的潮州話外來借詞為材料，通過比較海外潮州話、泰語、越南語、馬來語之間的音節結構差異，分析在語言接觸過程中，處於音節中不同位置的輔音及元音所採取的選擇機制，討論音譯外來詞的轉換規則及音譯策略。研究發現：在東南亞地區的潮州話中，外來詞主要通過語音相似性經由音節對應匹配進入潮州話中，這種相似性是相對的;潮州話的“音系庫藏”及“庫藏音節”在借詞的音譯過程中起決定性作用;近百年來海內外潮州話語音演變方向一致，是海內外潮州人的頻繁往來的體現。
Abstract
This paper uses Teochew loanwords from Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia (recorded in Teochew dialect documents) as research material. By comparing syllable structure differences among overseas Teochew, Thai, Vietnamese, and Malay, it analyzes the selection mechanism adopted by consonants and vowels in different syllable positions during language contact, and summarizes the transformation rules and transliteration strategies of loanwords. The study finds that: (1) In Southeast Asian Teochew, loanwords are incorporated through syllable matching based on relative phonological similarity. (2) The phonological inventory and inventorial syllables of Teochew play a key role in the transliteration of loanwords. (3) Over the past century, the direction of phonetic evolution in Teochew has remained consistent both at home and abroad, reflecting frequent communication among Teochew communities worldwide.
关键词
東南亞 /
潮州話 /
外來詞 /
借詞音系 /
音譯策略
Key words
Southeast Asia /
Teochew /
loanword /
loanword phonology /
transliteration strategies
張堅.
東南亞地區潮州話外來借詞的音譯策略分析[J]. 中国语文通讯. 2026, 105(1): 333-350 https://doi.org/10.65961/crcl-2026-0017
Jian Zhang.
Transliteration Strategies for Loanwords in the Teochew Dialect of Southeast Asia[J]. Current Research in Chinese Linguistics. 2026, 105(1): 333-350 https://doi.org/10.65961/crcl-2026-0017
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
陳曉錦。2003。馬來西亞的三個漢語方言。北京：中國社會科學出版社。Xiaojin Chen. 2003. Malaixiya de Sange Hanyu Fangyan. Beijing: Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe.
陳曉錦。2014。東南亞華人社區漢語方言概要。廣州：世界圖書出版公司廣東有限公司。Xiaojin Chen. 2014. Dongnanya Huaren Shequ Hanyu Fangyan Gaiyao. Guangzhou: Shijie Tushu Chuban Gongsi Guangdong Youxian Gongsi.
陳曉錦、肖自輝。2019。泰國華人社區的漢語方言。廣州：世界圖書出版公司。Xiaojin Chen & Zihui Xiao. 2019. Taiguo Huaren Shequ de Hanyu Fangyan. Guangzhou: Shijie Tushu Chuban Gongsi.
陳忠敏。2022。歷史比較語言學。上海：中西書局。Zhongmin Chen. 2022. Lishi Bijiao Yuyanxue. Shanghai: Zhongxi Shuju.
郭獻尹、吳瑞文。2021。台廈兩地閩南語中外來詞的語音調整與對比——以日語和印尼語為例。閩台文化研究3。74–82。Hsien-Yin Kuo & Rui-wen Wu. 2021. Tai Xia liangdi Minnanyu zhong wailaici de yuyin tiaozheng yu duibi: Yi Riyu he Yinniyu wei li. Min Tai Wenhua Yanjiu 3. 74–82.
胡方。2005。論廈門話[mb ŋɡ nd]聲母的聲學特性及其他。方言1。9–17。Fang Hu. 2005. Lun Xiamenhua [mb ŋɡ nd] shengmu de shengxue texing ji qita. Fangyan 1. 9–17.
李如龍。1998。《華夷通語》研究。方言2。105–113。Rulong Li. 1998. “Huayi Tongyu” yanjiu. Fangyan 2. 105–113.
李永明。1991。新加坡潮州話的外語借詞和特殊詞語。方言1。56–63。Yongming Li. 1991. Xinjiapo Chaozhouhua de waiyu jieci he teshu ciyu. Fangyan 1. 56–63.
林倫倫。2006。潮汕方言和泰語的雙向借詞及其演變發展。民族語文2。24–30。Lunlun Lin. 2006. Chaoshan fangyan he Taiyu de shuangxiang jieci ji qi yanbian fazhan. Minzu Yuwen 2. 24–30.
林倫倫。2012。潮汕方言：潮人的精神家園。廣州：暨南大學出版社。Lunlun Lin. 2012. Chaoshan Fangyan: Chaoren de Jingshen Jiayuan. Guangzhou: Jinan Daxue Chubanshe.
林素卉。2020。東南亞閩南語對外來語所使用的音譯策略——以《華夷通語》為研究中心。見臺灣聲韻學學會（編），聲韻論叢（第二十四輯），57–85。臺北：學生書局。Su-Hui Lim. 2020. Dongnanya Minnanyu dui wailaiyu suo shiyong de yinyi celüe: Yi “Huayi Tongyu” wei yanjiu zhongxin. In Taiwan Shengyunxue Xuehui (ed.), Shengyun Luncong, di’ershisi ji, 57–85. Taibei: Xuesheng Shuju.
林欣怡。2016。新加坡閩南話英語借詞的音系分析。新加坡：新加坡國立大學碩士學位論文。Sin Yee Lim. 2016. Xinjiapo Minnanhua Yingyu jieci de yinxi fenxi. Xinjiapo: Xinjiapo Guoli Daxue shuoshi xuewei lunwen.
劉丹青。2023。音節顯赫如何塑造漢語的專名音譯模式。語言文字應用1。57–66。Danqing Liu. Yinjie xianhe ruhe suzao Hanyu de zhuanming yinyi moshi. Yuyan Wenzi Yingyong 1. 57–66.
劉堯咨（編）。1995。說潮州話。廣州：華南理工大學出版社。Yaozi Liu (ed.). 1995. Shuo Chaozhouhua. Guangzhou: Huanan Ligong Daxue Chubanshe.
羅常培。1956。廈門音系。北京：科學出版社。Changpei Luo. 1956. Xiamen Yinxi. Beijing: Kexue Chubanshe.
邱克威。2014。19世紀末馬新方言文獻中馬來語音節末尾流音-r、-l的對音——兼論中古漢語入聲弱化問題。馬來西亞人文與社會科學學報3(2)。1–14。Kiak Uei Khoo. 2014. 19 shiji mo Ma Xin fangyan wenxian zhong Malayu yinjie mowei liuyin “-r” “-l” de duiyin: Jianlun Zhonggu Hanyu rusheng ruohua wenti. Malaixiya Renwen yu Shehui Kexue Xuebao 3(2). 1–14.
蕭麗燕。2002。《正客音譯木來由話》評介。見謝棟元（主編），客家方言研究：第四屆客方言研討會論文集。489–501。廣州：暨南大學出版社。Liyan Xiao. 2002. “Zhengke Yinyi Mulaiyouhua” pingjie. In Dongyuan Xie et al. (eds.), Kejia Fangyan Yanjiu: Disi Jie Ke Fangyan Yantaohui Lunwenji, 489–501. Guangzhou: Jinan Daxue Chubanshe.
嚴翠恒。2006。漢越語音系及其與漢語的對應關係。北京：北京語言大學博士學位論文。Thuy Hang Nghiem. 2006. Hanyueyu yinxi ji qi yu Hanyu de duiying guanxi. Beijing: Beijing Yuyan Daxue boshi xuewei lunwen.
楊秀芳。1991。臺灣閩南語語法稿。臺北：大安出版社。Hsiu-Fang Yang. 1991. Taiwan Minnanyu Yufa Gao. Taibei: Da’an Chubanshe.
楊迎楹。2013。檳城閩南語語音研究。北京：北京大學碩士學位論文。Yinyin Yeoh. 2013. Bincheng Minnanyu yuyin yanjiu. Beijing: Beijing Daxue shuoshi xuewei lunwen.
竺家寧。1999。臺北話音檔。上海：上海教育出版社。Chia-Ning Chu. 1999. Taibeihua Yindang.Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaoyu Chubanshe.
Dean, William. 1841. First lessons in the Tie-chiw dialect. Bangkok: Siam.
Fielde, Adele Marion. 1883. A pronouncing and defining dictionary of the Swatow dialect, arranged according to syllables and tones. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press.
Kenstowicz, Michael & Atiwong Suchato. 2006. Issues in loanword adaptation: A case study from Thai. Lingua 116(7). 921–949.
Lim, Hiong Seng. 1886. Handbook of the Swatow vernacular. Singapore: Koh Yew Hean Press.
PDF(1100 KB)
