問答銜接是會話研究的重要課題。文章從互動語言學視角出發，考察漢語會話互動中問句後回應位置的話題轉換現象。基於對近38小時會話語料的觀察，發現問句後話題轉換話輪，處於三元序列結構的中間位置，在提問後執行回應行為，同時執行的發起行為是回應行為的行為載體。承載回應行為時，在交際中浮現出隱性否定、逃避回答兩大核心互動功能，亦作為該會話現象的主要類型。承載發起行為時，具有共同的開啟全新話題和序列、引發評價回應的共同互動功能；逃避回答型還具有引發會話修正、壓縮會話進程等個性互動功能。改變認識協商走向、逆向調控交際距離、降低互動參與度、緩解反同盟立場等交互動因對向融合作用，於會話互動中塑造了這一特殊現象。
Abstract
Question-response continuity is an important topic in conversation research. From the perspective of Interactional Linguistics, this paper investigates the phenomenon of topic changes following questions in Chinese conversation. Based on the observation of nearly 38 hours of conversational data, topic changes following questions are found to be situated in the middle of a three-part sequence. After a question, they implement a response action, while the initiating action simultaneously performed serves as the action vehicle for the response. When functioning as responsive actions, two core interactional functions emerge in talk-in-interaction: implicit negation and evasive answering, which also constitute the principal types of this conversational phenomenon. When functioning as initiating actions, they share the interactional functions of launching a new topic and sequence and eliciting evaluative responses. In addition, the evasive-answer type also exhibits more specific interactional functions, such as triggering conversational repair and compressing the conversational process. The interactional factors, such as redirecting the trajectory of epistemic negotiation, reverse regulation of social distance, reducing interaction engagement, and mitigating the disaffiliative stance, interact with each other, shaping this unique phenomenon in conversational interaction.
关键词
互動語言學 /
問答互動 /
話題轉換 /
互動功能 /
影響因素
Key words
Interactional Linguistics /
question-response interaction /
topic change /
interactional function /
influencing factors
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