呂梁片晉語“該是”有語氣副詞和話語標記等用法。“該是”作語氣副詞時，有“確認”義、“追究”義、“幸虧”義和“可惜”義四種語法意義，其中“幸虧”義和“可惜”義多用於複句中，具有較強的關聯功能。本文在詳細描寫“該是”多功能用法的基礎上，構擬其演變過程，指出“該是”先由一個短語在陳述句中詞彙化為“確認”義語氣副詞，在疑問句中詞彙化為“追究”義語氣副詞，再由“確認”義演變為話語標記“該是麼”和具有關聯功能的語氣副詞。
Abstract
Gaishi in the Lüliang Cluster of the Jin Dialect functions as a modal adverb and a discourse marker. As a modal adverb, it expresses four meanings: “confirmation”, “questioning”, “fortunately”, and “regrettably”. The latter two meanings often occur in complex sentences, with strong correlative function. Based on a detailed description of the multi-functions of gaishi, this paper reconstructs its evolution. It points out that the word first lexicalizes from a syntactic structure into a confirmation modal adverb in declarative sentences, and into a questioning modal adverb in interrogative sentences; subsequently, the confirmation modal adverb further develops into the discourse marker gaishime and a modal adverbial with correlative function.
关键词
呂梁片晉語 /
多功能詞 /
該是 /
語義演變
Key words
Lüliang Cluster of the Jin dialect /
multi-functional word /
gaishi /
semantic evolution
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