普通話句末語氣詞“的”和“了2”共現時,既有“的”前“了”後的例子,也有“了”前“的”後的例子。通過獨立的句法功能證據分出不同的“的”和“了”之後,可以對此分佈作出較好解釋。但潮陽閩語中看似與普通話“的”“了”對應的成分,共現時的順序全然不符合基於普通話句法功能分析的預測。與吳、粵語帶“的”正反問句的比較更顯示潮陽閩語的“的”有絕對的靠近謂詞的傾向。基於對語氣詞的聯合結構分析,相關差異可概括為一個參數：初始內並連語是否總是“的”。
Abstract
In Standard Mandarin, when the sentence-final particles de and le2 co-occur, examples can be found where de precedes le, as well as where de follows le. After differentiating between various uses of de and le through independent syntactic evidence, these distributions can be explained. However, in Chaoyang Min, the order of the elements seemingly corresponding to Mandarin’s de and le does not at all align with predictions based on the syntactic-functional analysis in Mandarin. When the A-not-A questions with de’s dialectal counterparts in Wu and Cantonese are also taken into comparision, it is all the more obvious that the de counterpart in Chaoyang Min shows a strong tendency to position itself close to the predicate. Based on the conjunction analysis of sentence-final particles, these differences can be generalized as a single parameter: whether the initial internal conjunction always chooses de.
关键词
句末語氣詞連用 /
“的” /
“了” /
潮陽閩南語 /
聯合結構
Key words
serial sentence final particles /
de /
le /
Chaoyang Southern Min /
conjunction
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