實詞虛化現象是漢語語法研究的重要內容。本文以含山話“候”為研究對象詳細考察“候”的多功能用法,研究發現“候”既有實義動詞的用法,也有虛化的關聯用法,可以引導時間分句和條件分句,但引導違實條件的功能相較於普通話還不成熟。文章另從句法語義和語境、誘使推理等方面解釋了“候”由動詞語法化為連詞的動因和機制。最後文章還給出了“候”分析為連詞的間接證據。
Abstract
The grammaticalization of content words is an important aspect in the study of Chinese grammar. This paper examines the multifunctional usage of hou in the Hanshan dialect and finds that hou can be used as both a verb and a conjunction. As a conjunction, it introduces time clauses and conditional clauses; however, its ability to introduce counterfactual conditionals is less developed compared to Mandarin. The paper also explains the motivation and mechanism of the grammaticalization of hou from a verb to a conjunction in terms of syntactic semantics, context, and invited inference. It gives indirect evidence supporting the analysis of hou as a conjunction.
关键词
含山話“候” /
多功能性 /
語义演變
Key words
Hanshan dialect hou /
multifunctionality /
semantic change
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