在數量短語中，概數詞“多”有三個可能的位置，分別是量詞之後，數詞和量詞之間，以及數詞內部，本文稱為“多”的浮動現象。從這一現象入手，基於已有的係位結構理論以及數詞的短語結構假說，本文認為漢語“數詞”應分解為一系列以位數詞（如：十、百）為核心、係數詞（如：一、二）為標誌語的位數詞短語。其中概數詞“多”是一種特殊的係數詞，量詞則被視作特殊的位數詞，浮動現象的本質是“多”充當了不同位數詞的係數。
Abstract
In a numeral-classifier phrase, the approximative duo has three possible syntactic positions: post-classifier, between the numeral and classifier, and within the numeral constituent. This paper terms this the floating phenomenon of approximative duo. Starting from this phenomenon and base on the cardinal-multiplier analysis and the phrase structure hypothesis for numerals, we proposes a novel analysis of the Chinese numeral-classifier structure: the Chinese “numeral” should be decomposed into a series of Cardinal Phrases (CardP), headed by a cardinal word (e.g., shi ‘ten’, bai ‘hundred’) and taking a multiplier word (e.g., yi ‘one’, er ‘two’) as its specifier. Within this analysis, the approximative duo is argued to be a special type of multiplier word, and classifiers are analyzed as special types of cardinal words. The essential nature of duo’s floating phenomenon is thus that duo functions as the multiplier for different cardinal words.
关键词
概數詞“多” /
浮動現象 /
係位結構 /
數量結構
Key words
approximative duo /
floating phenomenon /
cardinal-multiplier structure /
numeral-classifier structure
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