本文主要討論了西北漢語方言的施用結構（applicative constructions），並與普通話的施用結構進行了比較。和普通話一樣，西北漢語方言的施用標記通常來自於給予動詞的“給”，附綴於動詞之後以增加動詞的價。與三價給予義動詞結合時，該施用標記可有可無，不產生增價效應。不同西北漢語方言的施用結構各具特色，其施用賓語的語義角色主要是受益者和接受者，各個方言點之間施用結構的語序因語言接觸的影響既有共性，又有個性，分佈上呈現為一個連續統。總體而言，“V給”施用結構構成了西北漢語方言語法的一個典型語法特徵。
Abstract
This paper investigates applicative constructions in Northwestern Chinese dialects and compares them with those found in Mandarin Chinese. As in Mandarin, the applicative marker in Northwestern Chinese dialects typically derives from the verb gěi ‘give’, which is suffixed to the verb and serves to increase verbal valency. When occurring with trivalent verbs of giving, however, the applicative marker is optional and does not give rise to a valency-increasing effect. Applicative constructions in different Northwestern Chinese dialects display both shared and dialect-specific properties. The semantic roles of applicative objects are mainly beneficiaries and recipients. Influenced by contact with minority languages, the word-order patterns of applicative constructions across dialects show both convergence and divergence, forming a continuum in their distribution. Overall, applicative constructions marked by the suffix gěi ‘give’ constitute a salient grammatical feature of Northwestern Chinese dialect grammar.
关键词
西北漢語方言 /
施用結構 /
給 /
語序類型 /
語義角色
Key words
Northwestern Chinese dialects /
applicative constructions /
gěi ‘give’ /
word-order typology /
semantic roles
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