中國西北地區的甘青河湟漢語中，未完整體類“著”屬於典型的非限定標記，一般無法單獨出現於核心謂語後的句末位置。然而，部分甘青河湟漢語中存在少量“著”單獨出現於句末位置的用例，此類“反常”的限定用法與其典型的非限定特徵明顯齟齬。藉助限定化的動態視角，甘青河湟漢語“著”的“反常”限定用法可以得到相對統一的解釋：非限定特徵是“著”的典型特徵，限定用法則屬於局部和次要表現，限定用法很可能在其非限定特徵基礎上經由形式限定化過程逐步動態演變而來。非限定“著”的限定化與其後原初核心謂語的助動詞化和語氣詞化有關，本質上發生於甘青河湟漢語的限定性對立格局之中。“著”的限定化不僅不會否定和解構甘青河湟漢語的限定性系統，反而能夠進一步證明限定性對立在甘青河湟漢語中的存在。
Abstract
In the Gansu-Qinghai Sinitic varieties spoken in Northwest China, zhe denoting imperfectives is used as a typical non-finite marker, and thus typically fails to occur alone at the sentence-final position following the core predicate. However, a few exceptions exist in several Gansu-Qinghai Sinitic varieties where zhe occurs independently at the sentence-final position. Such deviant finite use is in obvious contradiction to its typical non-finite feature. From the dynamic perspective of finitization, the deviant finite use of zhe in the Gansu-Qinghai Sinitic varieties could be provided a more unified account. That is, the non-finite feature is the typical feature of zhe, whereas the finite use is a local and secondary phenomenon. And it is highly possible that the finite use has evolved from its non-finite feature through the dynamic and gradual process of formal finitization. The finitization of zhe is driven by the auxiliarization and particlization of the erstwhile core predicate following zhe, which essentially takes place within the framework of finiteness distinction in the Gansu-Qinghai Sinitic varieties. Rather than negating or deconstructing the finiteness system, the finitization of zhe could, on the contrary, further verify the existence of finiteness distinction in the Gansu-Qinghai Sinitic varieties.
关键词
甘青河湟漢語 /
“著” /
限定性 /
限定化 /
區域類型
Key words
Gansu-Qinghai Sinitic varieties /
zhe /
finiteness /
finitization /
areal typology
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