近代漢語的使役動詞“著”產生於唐五代，宋元明時期有了顯著的發展，清代其功能則迅速收縮。它成為使役動詞的過程，可以概括為“使附著、放置>使用>使役”的演變，其中從“放置”到“使用”與語義轉喻有關;而從“使用”到“使役”則經歷了語義上的隱喻和句法上的重新分析。從使用工具到使役是一個典型的語義演變路徑，上古的“使”、中古的“遣”、近代的“著”和近代後期的部分“使”均屬此類。使用工具和使役兩個範疇的聯繫還可以通過方言和類型學的材料得到證明。
Abstract
The causative verb zhuo in early modern Chinese has experienced a process of “to place>to use>to cause”. The change of “to place>to use” is semantically resulted from the metonymy. And semantic metaphor and syntactic reanalysis are involved in the change of “to use>to cause”. The latter change is quite typical in ancient Chinese, which can also be seen from shi in archaic Chinese, qian in medieval Chinese, and shi in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Evidence of dialects and typology demonstrates the relationship between semantic categories of instrumental and causative as well. The causative verb zhuo appeared in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, developed in the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, and declined quickly in the Qing Dynasty.
关键词
著 /
使役 /
工具 /
近代漢語
Key words
zhuo /
causative /
instrumental /
early modern Chinese
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