本文藉助廣義量、上界與下界、類關係運算等概念工具，對副詞“才”和“就”的語義功能重新作出了概括：（1）“才”可關聯兩側或右側成分，其作用統一是標示“僅及性”，即“（左側的二階量）類小於等於（勉強達到）右側的二階量”。（2）“就”分為“就a”和“就b”，“就a”重讀、不可以替換成“便”，只關聯右側成分，其作用是標示“限定性”，即“類小於等於（不超出）右側的二階量”，它與“才”同中有異，異在前者偏靜態，後者偏動態;“就b”不重讀、可以替換成“便”，關聯兩側成分，其作用是標示“易至性”，即“左側的二階量類大於等於（輕易達到）右側的二階量”，它與“才、就a”大體對立。
Abstract
By employing conceptual tools such as generalized quantity, upper/lower bound, and quasi-relation operation, this paper reinterprets the semantic functions of the adverbs cai and jiu: (1) Cai can associate with components on both sides or with right-side components, uniformly indicating “narrow reachability” - i.e., “the (left-side two-order) quantity quasi-relationally is less than or equal to (barely reaching) the right-side two-order quantity.” (2) Jiu is divided into jiua and jiub. Jiua is stressed and cannot be replaced by bian, associating solely with right-side components. It indicates “limitation”, meaning “the quantity quasi-relationally is less than or equal to (not exceeding) the right-side two-order quantity”. While sharing similarities with cai, it differs in that jiua tends to be static, whereas cai is dynamic. Jiub is unstressed and can be replaced by bian, associating with components on both sides. It indicates “easy accessibility” - i.e., “the left-side two-order quantity quasi-relationally is greater than or equal to (easily reaching) the right-side two-order quantity,” standing largely in opposition to cai and jiua.
关键词
才 /
就 /
僅及性 /
限定性 /
易至性
Key words
cai /
jiu /
narrow reachability /
limitation /
easy accessibility
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