濟源方言中“倆”可後置於由“給=”連接的兩個或兩個以上的成分後，構成“……給=……倆”框式結構，其連接項可為名詞、動詞、代詞、形容詞以及名詞性或動詞性短語等。研究發現“倆”的語法功能與語音形式緊密關聯：當“倆”讀本調[lia51]時，“倆”為實義，表示雙數，句法結構為[……給=[……倆]];當“倆”讀[lia21]時，語義虛化，“倆”複指整個短語，為伴隨格標記，句法結構為[[……給=……]倆]。濟源方言伴隨格標記“倆”是與蒙古語接觸的產物，拷貝了蒙古語“雙數>伴隨格”的語法演變路徑。漢語方言後置詞“兩個（倆）”的語法化路徑為：從實義“兩個”演變為伴隨格標記，到功能擴大的雙數標記，再到語法功能徹底消解而成為羨餘成分。
Abstract
In the Jiyuan dialect, the word lia ‘two’ may follow two or more elements linked by gei ‘and, with’, forming the frame “…gei…lia”. The connected elements can be nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, or nominal and verbal phrases. The study finds that the grammatical function of lia is closely related to its phonetic form: when pronounced with its original tone [lia51], lia carries a concrete meaning of “two”, and the syntactic structure is […gei […lia]]; when pronounced as [lia21], its meaning becomes grammaticalized, with lia referring back to the entire phrase as a comitative case marker, and the syntactic structure is [[…gei…] lia]. The comitative case marker lia in the Jiyuan dialect is a result of contact with the Mongolian language, replicating the grammatical evolution path of Mongolian: “dual number > comitative case”. The grammaticalization path of the postposition liangge (lia) in Chinese dialects evolves from the concrete meaning of “two” to a comitative case marker, then to an expanded dual number marker, and ultimately to a redundant element with its grammatical function fully dissolved.
关键词
“兩個（倆）” /
伴隨格 /
濟源方言
Key words
liangge (lia) /
comitative case /
Jiyuan dialect
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